I’ve been improvising in various different forms for many years but I learnt my favourite improvisational technique with a playwright called Iain Heggie. The initial purpose of Heggie’s improvisations was to teach basic acting techniques, but in my opinion they taught me as much about the nature of improvisation itself. The way one of his improvisations worked was as follows.
1) Each character in the scene (usually just two initially) would have an objective. This was something they really wanted and needed.
2) Each character was then given an obstacle to make it harder for them to achieve their objective.
3) A time pressure was added to raise the stakes and create a sense of urgency.
Heggie decided on the character’s objectives, obstacles and situations which he wrote on sheets of paper which the improvisers memorised briefly and secretly before the scene started. Because Iain Heggie is a playwright the scenes are well structured and (if you follow the impro rules) they play out very successfully. Also a lot of comedy usually comes from the conflict between characters even without the performers having to try at all. By following the objectives and genuinely trying to get what you want out of the other character you remain in the moment and the scene is fresh, funny and enjoyable. It also stops you from playing emotional states which personally I can’t stand and I think is incredibly self indulgent. Also the improvisations are not about gags or stealing the limelight as each performer’s attention is focussed on each other in an attempt to achieve their objectives.
This style of improvisation is really exhilarating, not least because the information is kept secret from each other so genuine surprise and shock often occurs. The time pressure keeps the pace and the energy up and I fully recommend it as a technique.